Compaction equipment compacts and rotates the mold after each blow. They may also be performed to learn more about a soil in a particular area, whether or. It can be manipulated to produce a material with a wide range of properties. Soil compaction testing otherwise known as density tests are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. Laboratory determination of moisture content of soils. Emphasis was placed on uniform fine sands, which are used throughout a broad area of the state as fill materials. Proctor in the design and construction of earth dams proctor 1933. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort.
Pdf static laboratory compaction method researchgate. The standard proctor test approximates maximum soil density capable of being produced by early generations of construction equipment. The test makes use of apparatus, apart from the tamping foot, which is already in widespread use in this country. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for compaction of cohesionless soils used as backfill materials. Introduction laboratory compaction within the corps of engineers 1. Because the stress paths, compaction states and soil structures are greatly different, the mechanical properties of each path at point a will be greatly different. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of. Soils field testing dig a hole with the auger, trowel, or other tools test hole must be approx. The general principal with any compaction test is that for the same compactive effort, increases in. Laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. Guidelines for earthwork construction control testing of.
Interpetation of test results interpretation of test results standard compaction is frequently specified for laboratory testing in britain since many deposits have a natural moisture content at, or near to, the plastic limit. Astm d155712e1 standard test methods for laboratory. This compaction is a comparison of the laboratory compaction proctor to the field density and recorded as a percentage. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is. Final report for the florida department of transportation evaluation of laboratory compaction techniques for simulating field soil compaction phase ii. Manual of soil laboratory testing 310 introduction of heavier earthmoving and compaction machinery, especially for the construction of large dams, higher densities became obtainable in practice. Soil is a very flexible and inexpensive construction material. Purpose and use of laboratory compaction tests the astm test methods for compaction are used to develop a laboratory derived standard reference density that is used to determine the percentage of compaction and deviation from the optimum water content that is measured by the field inplace density tests. Laboratory determination of maximum dry density mdd and optimum moisture content omc by the proctor test requires considerable time. Compacting bituminous specimens using the superpave. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Interpetation of test results official portal of ukm. Army corps of engineers began using the principles of soil compaction developed by ralph r.
Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. Prior to handling test materials, performing equipment setups, andor conducting this method, testers are required to read safety and health in section f of this method. Compaction of soil is probably one of the largest contributors to the site work economy. For this reason a laboratory compaction test, using a vibrating hammer, was deel oped at the laboratory 1. Table 1 basic comparison of laboratory and field compaction parameters. This is important not only for durability, but will save money because less compaction effort is needed to achieve the desired results. The automatic compactor easily compacts mold while keeping track of the number of hammer blows. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Laboratory procedures known as the modified proctor test astm d 1557aashto t 180 have been developed that accurately estimate the greater densities available from the compaction efforts of. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids.
We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. Used in compaction testing proctor molds come in either 4. A compaction test is a soil quality test used to assess the level of compaction which can occur in the soil on a site.
Standard proctor test for soils abstract soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids. Pdf laboratory concept produced by proctor 1933 has a few shortcoming in determining the value of maximum dry density mdd and. The astm standard test methods used for determining compaction characteristics of soil. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. D698 test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3 600. Evaluation of laboratory compaction techniques for. In other words, the density is a comparison of the weight of one cubic foot of material in the field. Soil mechanics laboratory compaction testlight weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. The most recent revision tothis technical guide lg004 other than minor editorial changes is. C6 test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. A laboratory test using increased energy of compaction was then necessary to reproduce these higher compacted densities, so a test was introduced which used a heavier rammer with the same mould. D69812e2 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3 600 knmm3 density water content particle size.
Sacramento, california 958194612 method of calibration of compaction test equipment caution. Laboratory compaction of soils soil mechanics eurocode. Standard test method for cbr california bearing ratio of. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft 3600 knmm 1 this standard is issued under the. In a larger mold, the tests can be carried out on samples containing material of a larger maximum size.
Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last. It is similar to the british standard heavy compaction test. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in footpounds per cubic foot of soil. Harper formerly assistant research engineer william w. Study and comparison of soil compaction between laboratory and field to simulate field compaction for rural roads vinay a 1, hemanth yadav m v 2 1assistant professor, department of civil engineering, dayananda sagar college of engineering, bangalore, karnataka, india. Astm d 155707 test method for laboratory compaction. Site investigation prior to commencement of any road construction project involving site formation work, site investigation is carried out to establish the geological profile along the road alignment.
Pdf static laboratory compaction method guanliang liu. In this compaction test the mould and the amount of dry soil used is the same as for the 2. A particular soil needs to have an ideal or optimum amount of moisture to achieve maximum density. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for. A laboratory test using increased energy of compaction was then necessary to reproduce these higher. New method for laboratory soil compaction by vibration. The rapid compaction test is a threepoint proctor compaction test that. Guidelines for earthwork construction control testing of gravelly soils 3 reclamation uses the rapid compaction test usbr 7240 5, astm d 5080 6 for routine control of silty or clayey soils. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. In the proctor test, the soil is compacted in a mold that has a volume of 944 cm3. C670 practice for preparing precision and bias statements for test methods for construction materials. Materials free fulltext laboratory compaction study.
D 698 00ae1 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12,400 ftlbfft 3600 knmm1 this standard is issued under the. The porous discs shall be saturated before assembling the mould. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures. Compaction tests are commonly performed as part of a geotechnical profile of a building site. In fact, this compaction test method is typically adopted as the most appropriate laboratory compaction system to achieve the benchmark density, a more even homogeneous air voids distribution 51,52, more consistent engineering properties to those obtained in the field cores, and for simulating field compaction conditions because of the. Fourteen cohesionless soils from around texas were selected for laboratory testing. Very often, samples are taken by borehole drilling for tests including, particle size. D1557 12 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Laboratory compaction of road construction materials. Types of soil compaction test in laboratory standard proctor test modified proctor test gyratory compaction test 11. Astm d 1557 laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort. Asce professor and director of center for innovative grouting materials and technology cigmat and texas hurricane center for innovative technology thcit, department of civil.
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